Supplementary MaterialsTable_1. 30) profiling was performed using 16s rRNA gene sequencing

Supplementary MaterialsTable_1. 30) profiling was performed using 16s rRNA gene sequencing and ultra performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer (UPLC/MS), respectively. Our outcomes exposed that microbial composition in individuals was clearly not the same as that in healthful settings (HCs), evidenced by substantial taxonomic variation. Along with improved liver function (ChildCPugh rating), the individuals also displayed comparable gut microbiota profile and predicted metagenome function compared to that of HCs after splenectomy. and amounts, specifically and upsurge in and weighed against medical people. While fecal microbiota element from ChildCPugh A individuals had no factor from medical people (Wei et al., 2016). These outcomes indicated that regular gut microbiota rely on normal liver function, and improved liver function observed after splenectomy might have helped to restore gut microenvironment. In this study, with the methods of 16s rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics analysis, we found substantial differences in gut microbiota and metabolome between LC patients and healthy controls (HCs). Furthermore, 6 months after splenectomy, altered gut microbiota and metabolome of NU7026 patients partially recovered toward HC. These results obtained indicate that splenectomy treatment partially ameliorated the dysbiosis of gut environment. Whether these benefits could help to prevent or FLJ25987 alleviate LC-related complications and delay the progress of LC which represent a target for future study. Materials and Methods Study Population There were three study groups, a cross-sectional study was conducted to see if there was any alternation in gut microbiota and metabonomics in LC patients with portal hypertension compared with matched HC. Afterward, a perspective study was performed in the cohort of patients with initial samples before splenectomy (Pre-S) and follow-up samples obtained 6 months after splenectomy (Post-S). LC with portal hypertension was diagnosed by comprehensively reviewing the results of liver biopsies, imaging examinations and laboratory assessments in addition to clinical symptoms, physical signs, medical history, progress notes, and associated complications (Procopet and Berzigotti, 2017). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in all patients to assess the severity of esophagogastric varices. The ChildCPugh scoring system was used to assess the prognosis of cirrhosis (Pugh et al., 1973). Cases that progressed to hepatic carcinoma, uncontrolled ascites, encephalopathy, or ChildCPugh class C preoperatively and patients suffering from other diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, were excluded. The control group consisted of healthy volunteer who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University for routine physical examination. NU7026 The liver imaging and liver biochemistry results as well as other physical, blood, urine, and stool test results of all the healthy volunteer were within the normal range. The control NU7026 subjects and patients had well matched age, sex, and BMI scores. All participants had no history of antibiotic NU7026 or probiotic use in the previous 3 months before fecal sample collection, they neither had any history of IBD, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and gastrointestinal surgery, such as colectomy or gastrectomy. The clinical indications for splenectomy is usually: (a) hypersplenism with platelet counts of 50 109/L or less (Watanabe et al., 2007; Yamamoto et al., 2015) and have a bleeding tendency due to thrombocytopenia; (b) relieving symptoms caused by an enlarged spleen, possibly including abdominal distension, pain, and fullness or early satiety; and (c) the history of esophageal varices bleeding or risky esophageal varices (Kawanaka et al., 2014). The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants. The study conformed to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on November 15, 2015 (ChiCTR-OOB-15007409). Sampling, DNA Extraction, and PCR Amplification Each participant provided a fresh stool sample in hospital that was delivered immediately to the laboratory with insulated box. Upon.